I. The initial views of justice
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A. Justice is to tell the truth and pay
one's debts (Chephalus).[35]
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1. Elaboration of the
definition.
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a. But
it would be unjust to return weapons to a madman.
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b. So
only good is due from friend to friend.
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c. This
implies that enemies must receive something evil.
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d. Final
position: justice is an art that benefits friends and injures enemies.
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2. Socrates' criticisms.
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a. What
does the art of justice properly confer and on whom?
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b. Each
example shows another art is more desirable in practice than justice.
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c. If we
misjudge who is our friend/enemy then we do injustice.
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d. If
justice injures then it reduces the excellence of justice and thus perverts its purpose.
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e. Thus
this view of justice is unacceptable.
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B. Justice is the interest of the stronger
(Thrasymachus). [202]
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1. Elaboration.
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a. An
example: laws are designed to suit the interest of the ruling class, which is stronger.
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b. But
since they make mistakes and their subjects (the weaker) must obey them, the weak injure
the strong.
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c.
Thrasymachus replies that when the ruler errs he is not acting as a ruler.
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2. Socrates' reply and
criticism.
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a. But
each art seeks its own perfection through serving the subjects of its practice.
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b. And
since the arts are superior to their subjects and have authority over them, they all
promote the advantage of the weaker.
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c. Thus
the ruler true to his calling when takes into account only the interest of his subjects.
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3. Thrasymachus changes
his argument.
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a. But,
says Thrasymachus, the just man is always the loser to the unjust.
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b. The
unjust (ruler) uses his power to exploit--including the just.
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4. Socrates' final
criticisms.
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a.
Justice is the excellence of the soul.
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b.
Justice is more profitable.
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C. Justice is a social
contract. [Book 2]
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1. The nature of justice as a good.
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2. The common view of justice.
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II. The Structure of the City.
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A. The basis for determining its size.
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B. The mutual needs of citizens.
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C. Guardians and the analogy of the dog.
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III. The Education of the Guardians. [702]
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A. Music (literature).
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1. Censorship.
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2. Virtues to be taught.
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B. Gymnastic.
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C. Implications of the system.
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D. Analogy of the metals.
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IV. Advantages of the educational system. [Book 4]
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A. Happiness.
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B. Conservation.
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C. Foreign relations.
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V. Location of the four virtues. [1436]
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A. Wisdom.
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B. Courage.
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C. Moderation.
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D. Justice.
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VI. The three waves. [1805]
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A. Status of women.
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B. Marriage and children.
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C. The rulers.
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VII. Education of the rulers. [2522]
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A. Plato's theory of knowledge.
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1. Analogies of the line
and sight.
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2. Analogy of the cave.
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B. Cirriculum of the ruler.
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1. Subjects of study.
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2. Dialectic.
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3. Internship.
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VIII. The Types of Regimes and Men. [3110]
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A. Aristocracy.
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B. Timocracy.
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1. The state.
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2. The person.
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C. Oligarchy.
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1. The state.
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2. The person.
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D. Democracy.
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1. The state.
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2. The person.
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E. Tyranny.
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1. The state.
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2. The person.
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IX. The Rewards of a Just Life. [Book 10]
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